Laurel Cottage Genealogy
Genealogy Services, Old Photos, Postcards, Trade Cards, Etc.

Another Teacher of Peter Clancy

Posted on April 17th, 2025 by

Miniature Round Photo on rectangle matting, 1899. Photographer:  F. J. Walsh, Trenton, New Jersey.

Price:  $5.00           Size:  1 ½ x 2 ¼”

We’ll put up more from the Clancy Family of Minnesota shortly. (See the prior post.) This one is not identified, unfortunately.

A pretty young woman, and it almost looks like the photo’s been damaged somehow – that dark portion running across the bottom. But click twice to enlarge and you’ll see it’s just an illusion from the design of her dress. I’ve never come across this particular type (though I’m no historical fashion expert). Doing a “lens” search on Google actually does bring up a couple of similar styles of high-necked lace set off by dark, turned-down fabric – in ours –  turned-down triangles at the bodice, and fabric over the shoulders.

Photographer, F. J. Walsh, was Irish-born Francis “Frank” J. Walsh. We’ll put up a separate post for him shortly. His Trenton, New Jersey street address differs from the prior photo. This one shows:  “No. 353 Perry Street.”

Tags: ,
Categories: Mini Photos, People, Photos Without Names, Women

Christine Ness, Peter Clancy’s Favorite Teacher

Posted on April 17th, 2025 by

Miniature Photo, oval on rectangle matting. 1902. Photographer:  F. J. Walsh, Trenton, New Jersey.

Price:  $10.00         Size:  1 ½ x 2 ¼”

A beautiful young woman – she is said to be Christine Ness, and described as, “Peter Clancy’s favorite teacher.” On the reverse, is also written, “Rock Creek, 1901.”  Okay, so whoever wrote that didn’t notice the 1902 date on the front. Rock Creek is not showing up on a New Jersey map, and since this mini photo is from a small collection we found for the Clancy Family of Minnesota (more later on them) they’re likely referring to Rock Creek, Minnesota. There is a photo of a Christina Ness (teacher) in MN, on an Ancestry family tree, though I’m not completely convinced that photo and ours are the same person. It’s possible that whoever wrote on the back of ours was incorrect. (I’ll reach out to that tree owner.)

The photographer, F. J. Walsh, was Francis “Frank” J. Walsh, born in Ireland. (More on him shortly). His studio address shows:  “No. 120 Perry Street, Trenton, N. J.”  

Why would a Minnesota teacher have a photo taken in New Jersey? If it is her, then she may have been just visiting or had taken training or started her early career there.

Tags: , , ,
Categories: Mini Photos, Old Photos, People, Photos With Names, Women

A Main Street Somewhere Circa 1920s

Posted on April 16th, 2025 by

Real Photo Postcard, unused. Publisher unknown. Circa 1920s.

Price:  $4.00

This one may be interesting to anyone looking for old photos of cars made by the Oakland Motor Car Company, though we’re looking at it from a distance, so it’s definitely blurred. Said to be a 1920 or ’21 Oakland, according to the answer to my query on Antique Automobile Club of America’s forum. Here’s the insert:

The postcard scene itself – this is one of those – you can’t tell till you get it home and scan it, whether you’ll be able to read the signage (for clues to location). This falls into the category of tantalizingly close – not quite able to read. (I’m looking at the vertical drug store sign or theater sign in the distance, on the left-hand side of the street.) And is that a mountain we see in the hazy distance? Really hard to tell. Darkening the image doesn’t help. Lot of activity on this street – a downtown scene somewhere, for sure.

Source:  Oakland Motor Car Company. n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Motor_Car_Company (accessed April 16, 2025).

Tags: , , , ,
Categories: Automobiles Buses Trucks, Postcards, Postcards Unused, Real Photo Postcards, Town Views

Postcard For Fred Rothert of Elmore, Ohio

Posted on April 11th, 2025 by

Divided Back postcard. Postmarked June 26, 1930 from Port Byron, New York. Publisher:  Geo. V. Millar Co., Scranton, PA. Series or number 1814. 

Price:  $4.00

Watkins, New York and Seneca Lake

Addressed to:  “Fred Rothert, R. D., Elmore, O.”  The R. D., of course, stands for Rural Delivery, and the “O” was the standard abbreviation for Ohio.

Frederick Rothert, the son of Henry Rothert and Elizabeth Steinkamp was born in Clay Township, Ottawa County, Ohio on August 29, 1876. He married Katie M. Croll on November 28, 1901 in Clay Township. His WWI Draft Registration Card shows the address on the postcard, and that he was a self-employed farmer. There is no shortage of records appearing online for him and his family, so we’ll stop there on that part.

The sender, who’s initials appear to be KWS, wrote:

“6/25/30. Were at the ‘Glen’ yesterday. Will meet my parents in Syracuse Saturday and head for Quebec.  KWS.”

The “glen” is the spectacular gorge (with waterfall) which runs through the town of Watkins, which was renamed Watkins Glen in 1926. I had found one account online which indicated the town was first named Jefferson and another account stating it was first named Salubria. Which was it? According to a 1917 account from the State of New York:

“Dr. Watkins was the son of John Watkins, an owner of extensive lands on Jochem Pieter’s Hills before the Revolution. (Riker 819.) He is a particularly interesting figure to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, because the village of Watkins at the head of Seneca lake, and Watkins Glen (which latter was made a State Reservation at the instance of this Society) are named after him. The village of Watkins was first known as the Dr. Flint Purchase. Dr. Flint sold it to John W. Watkins, brother of Dr. Samuel Watkins, but about 1820 John W. became financially embarrassed and in 1828 Samuel went there from New York to help him. Samuel laid out the village and named it Salubria, but it was incorporated April 11, 1842 under the name Jefferson. Hence the references to Dr. Watkins as being ‘of Jefferson.’ He died in April, 1851, and in 1852 the village was named Watkins in his honor.”

Below, the reason I bought the postcard – the very charming publisher’s logo:

Note the two figures that appear to be making their way toward the bridge. Did you do a double-take? I think the one is supposed to be a cow, though, to me, he looks more like a mythical beast that walks upright. (We’ve entered a nice fantasy world. 😉 )

Sources:  Ancestry.com. Ohio, U.S., Births and Christenings Index, 1774-1973.

Ancestry.com. Ohio, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1774-1993.

Registration State: Ohio; Registration County: Ottawa County. (Ancestry.com).

Twenty-second Annual Report of the Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, No. 51. May 3, 1917. Page 760. (books.google.com).

Tags: , , ,
Categories: Bridges, Lakes, Postcards, Postcards Used, Rivers, Town Views

Miss Sophie Nebinger

Posted on April 3rd, 2025 by

Divided Back, Real Photo Postcard. VELOX stamp box. Circa 1907 – 1914.

Price:  $15.00

The beautiful, Sophie, hand on hip – in a white, high-neck lace blouse, dark skirt, a long beaded necklace of some sort and with her dark hair pinned up. Since no other matches were found, she is very likely the same person as noted in the following records:

From the passenger list dated March 7, 1907, sailing on board the steamer, Neiuw Amsterdam, from Rotterdam to New York, she was born in Balbronn, Germany (now a part of France), about 1885 and her last known residence was Alzey, Germany. Single, described as about 5’1″, brown hair, brown eyes, she had paid her own passage and was going to stay with an uncle in New York City.

Sophia married Fred Muessig on March 21, 1914 in Richmond, New York, though their marriage license, dated a few days prior, was recorded in Manhattan. They had a son, George F. Mussig (the “e” was dropped in the surname) born in New Jersey, 1918. The 1920 Federal Census shows the family living in Newark, New Jersey, with Fred working as a silversmith.

Sophie and Fred’s headstone photo appears on Findagrave. 

Sources:  The National Archives in Washington, DC; Washington, DC, USA; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1897-1957; Microfilm Serial or NAID: T715; RG Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004; RG: 85.

Ancestry.com. New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Marriage Index, 1866-1937.

New York City Municipal Archives; New York, New York; Borough: Manhattan. (Ancestry.com).

SS Nieuw Amsterdam (1905). n.d.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Nieuw_Amsterdam_(1905). Accessed April 3, 2025.

Year: 1920; Census Place: Newark Ward 13, Essex, New Jersey; Roll: T625_1037; Page: 17A; Enumeration District: 248. (Ancestry.com).

Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/211875991/sophie-mussig: accessed April 3, 2025), memorial page for Sophie Mussig (1884–1972), Find a Grave Memorial ID 211875991, citing Hollywood Cemetery, Union, Union County, New Jersey, USA; Maintained by NotYourTime (contributor 47318863).

Tags: , , ,
Categories: People, Photos With Names, Postcards, Postcards Unused With Writing, Real Photo Postcards, Women

James Pyle’s Pearline Trade Card

Posted on March 28th, 2025 by

 

Trade card, New York. Circa 1880s – 1890s.

Price:  $7.00          Size:  3 x 5 and 1/8″

Trade card for the washing powder, Pearline (James Pyle’s Pearline, later James Pyle & Sons).

Note:  I’ve said this kind of thing before, but for successful companies, it’s not possible to do total justice in a fairly short blog post. Once you start researching, you keep finding more and more, leading to more questions you’d like to get a pinpoint answer to. It becomes very time-consuming, and you have to cut yourself off at some point. Other bloggers crop up, too, who’ve put up great stuff on the subject. On this one, I went looking, last minute, for potential company records. Didn’t find those but did find a Pyle family descendant who did an excellent post. Lot of info there. But I’ll slog on and finish my humble offering here – kind of bits and pieces….

This one was supposed to go up the day after Halloween and here it is nearly April. (Ee gads!) Lots going on, including the addition of our beautiful new kitty and pup. (RV life with young animals – wild, wild.) I also changed the look of the website (just needed a change). In any case, getting back to it…..

Intelligent Housekeepers

A court jester, well away from “court,” stands out in the rain with parasol and sandwich board to advertise James Pyle’s Pearline – a soap powder for laundry, kitchen use and just about anything else – from the cleaning of oil paintings to commercial use in dairies to bathing in fresh or salt water. (Salt water bathing – a definite testament to a bygone era.) The company became hugely successful, with the soap product becoming a household name.

Early years

Founder, James Pyle, (1823 – 1900) was born in Manchester, Nova Scotia, Canada, coming to New York in the 1840s. On the 1860 Federal Census, he had given his occupation as “salaeratus manufacturer,” (sodium bicarbonate). An obituary for him states he first starting making a liquid cleaner, then “sodas and soaps.” By 1861, we see newspaper ads appearing for “Pyle’s O. K. Soap,” an earlier offering that, according to author, Allan Metcalf (OK – The Improbable Story of America’s Greatest Word) was later sold to Procter & Gamble. (I didn’t find whether there was any overlap of the two products being manufactured at the same time, by Pyle, or if the one just replaced the other.) Sons, James Tolman Pyle and William Scott Pyle came into the business with him when they became old enough. The 1880 Federal Census shows father and sons as soap manufacturers. Another son, Charles, had died before the 1880 census was taken.

A March 1877 ad for both Pyle’s O. K. Soap and Pyle’s O. K. Saleratus:

Pearline trademark from an 1885 ad – the “O.K.” references the company’s origins:

Pyle’s New York Times obit reported that he was the first to use the term, “o.k.” in advertising, and helped popularize it.

The Power of Advertising

Multiple obits for James Pyle state that he was a friend of Horace Greeley, the founder and editor of the New York Tribune, and that it was Greeley’s generous (quite canny, really) offer, along with, of course, the apparent results, that got Pyle on the road to becoming one of the biggest advertisers in the U. S. In 1904, their ad budget was reported at $500,000. (Greeley’s influence is also recounted in the notice of sale to P&G in 1914.)

1878 – an early Pearline ad 

The exact year for the start of the manufacture of Pearline was not located but in October of 1878 there was this ad for “Something New.” (The Patriot-News, Harrisburg, PA, October 11, 1878):

Below, two examples from 1888 that appeared in the magazine, Wide Awake:

Not being limited to paper and ink….

A Google search result for images of old Pearline ads on buildings:

We’d rather be called chumps and idiots….

In 1897, son, James T. Pyle gives his views to the publication, Printer’s Ink, on not wanting to give away all the company’s hard-earned strategies. The title of this article is one you have to try to think through:

Death of founder, James Pyle, 1900, reprinted from the New York News, in the ad journal Printer’s Ink:

Death of William S. Pyle, 1906. His obit and photo appear in the publication, Profitable Advertising’s March edition.

James T. Pyle’s obituary, 1912, from The Morris County Chronicle:

What happened to Pearline?

Cautionary tales (don’t stop advertising!) reported in newspaper articles (some years later), blame either the owner or the trustees for stopping their ads – the idea was that Pearline was already a household name, and they didn’t need to keep spending all that money. Most reports state advertising was stopped in 1907. Was there more to the story? Likely. (It’s never simplistic.) There was a stock market crash in October of that year, which must have definitely had an effect. And really, I can’t imagine James T. Pyle dropping the strategy that had worked so well all of those years, without good cause. Then too, perhaps it was only meant to be a temporary measure. Below, possibly part of the puzzle, a clip from The Morning Call, January 1907 – when the company had taken out a loan on their new New Jersey plant:

October 1, 1914 – Procter & Gamble Buys Pearline

Sources:  Handler, E. (2011, July 4). “Occupations of my ancestors – James Pyle & Sons.” From Maine to Kentucky. (accessed March 28, 2025).

Gutek, Gerald & Patricia. America’s Early Montessorians:  Anne George, Margaret Naumburg, Helen Parkhurst and Adelia Pyle. Palgrave MacMillan, 2020.

The National Archives in Washington D.C.; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M653; Residence Date: 1860; Home in 1860: New York Ward 5 District 1, New York, New York; Roll: M653_790; Page: 385; Family History Library Film: 803790.

Metcalf, Allan. (2011). OK:  The Improbable Story of America’s Greatest Word. Oxford University Press. (books.google.com).

Year: 1880; Census Place: New York City, New York, New York; Roll: 884; Page: 234b; Enumeration District: 353.

“Pyle’s O. K. Soap – the Champion.” The Morning Democrat (Davenport, Iowa), March 10, 1877. Saturday, p. 3. (Newspapers.com).

“Death of James Pyle.” The New York Times, January 21, 1900. Sunday, p. 3. (Newspapers.com).

Pearline trademark. The Montreal Star, January 9, 1885. Friday, p. 1. (Newspapers.com).

Horace Greeley. n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Greeley (March 18, 2025).

“Something New.” The Patriot-News (Harrisburg, PA). October 11, 1878. Friday, p. 4. (Newspapers.com).

Wide Awake, Vol. AA. D. Lothrop Company, Boston. 1888. (books.google.com).

“images of old pearline ads on buildings.” Google.com search, March 18, 2025.

“Not Ambitous To Be Thought Wise.” Printers’ Ink, Vol. XXI. October 6, 1897 – December 29, 1897. George P. Rowell & Co., Publishers. (books.google.com).

Death of founder, James Pyle. Printers’ Ink, Vol. XXX. January 31, 1900, p. 18. (books.google.com).

“Obituaries – William Scott Pyle.” Profitable Advertising, Vol. XV, No. 10.. March 1906. (books.google.com).

“Obituary. James T. Pyle.” The Morris County Chronicle (Morristown, New Jersey), February 13, 1912. Tuesday, p. 1. (Newspapers.com).

“Pyles’ Big Mortgage.” The Morning Call (Paterson, New Jersey). January 24, 1907. Thursday, p. 5. (Newspapers.com).

Sale of Pearline. The American Perfumer and Essential Oil Review, Vol. IX, no. 8. October 1914. New York. p. 221. (books.google.com).

“Pyle’s Pearline Changes Hands.” The Retail Grocers Advocate, Vol. 19. July 3, 1914. San Francisco, California. (books.google.com).

Tags: , ,
Categories: Court Jesters, Trade Cards and Advertising, Umbrellas and Parasols

La Pilule Clérambourg

Posted on October 30th, 2024 by

French postcard, unused. Photographer? Carré. Publisher:  E.L.D. Series or number:  4274. Circa 1910s – 1920s.

Price:  $50.00

The first of two “Halloween-ish” offerings…..

This one is a French postcard that someone used as a trade card to advertise La Pilule Clérembourg (Véritable Grain de Vie), a product, in pill form, touted to help digestion, purify the blood, strengthen one’s overall countenance and increase the appetite. An ad back in 1859 indicates they’d been known, at that point, for over a century. The company also produced a cough syrup:

Our postcard front:  shows a person in a woman’s dress, stockings and shoes, wearing an over-sized papier mâché head – that of an older man with a mustache. I’m not sure whether there may be a specific French term that applies here, but this type of figure is similar to the Spanish Cabezudos.

Publisher logo for E. L. D. 

Ernest le Deley (1859 – 1917) 

From fr.wikipedia.org and translated via DeepL.com (free version):

Ernest Le Deley, born on July 12, 1859 in Mont-Saint-Aignan and died on August 6, 1917 in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, was one of the leading French postcard publishers and printers of the Belle Époque.

Ernest Le Deley was a phototypesetter living at 8 rue Berthollet, Paris, in 1886. He married Joséphine Petit on October 15, 1898 in Bugnicourt, while working as a printer-photographer in Châteaudun. A publisher of national renown, around 1900 he had a phototype printing shop at no. 73 rue Claude-Bernard in Paris, and a sales outlet at no. 127 boulevard de Sébastopol, at the corner of rue de Tracy. From 1906, he went into partnership with Achille Siron, a publisher in Barbizon. In 1911-1912, he opened a branch in Rouen, at no. 62 rue Saint-Nicolas. On December 20, 1913, a fire destroyed his postcard publishing plant at 11-13 rue des Arquebusiers in Paris.

He died at his home, no. 41 rue Censier in Paris, and was buried in the Parisian cemetery at Ivry-sur-Seine.

His son Maurice-Ernest, who succeeded him, went bankrupt in 1922.

Sources:  Didot-Bottin’s Annuaire-Almanach du Commerce de l’Industrie. January 1859 (google.com/books).

Processional giant. n.d. en.wikipedia.org (accessed October 30, 2024).

Ernest le Deley. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Le_Deley (accessed October 30, 2024).

Tags: , , , , ,
Categories: Postcards, Postcards Unused

Extrait de Viande de la Cie Liebig Trade Card

Posted on October 10th, 2024 by

Trade card in french, circa 1927.

Price:  $5.00             Size:  About 4 and 1/4 x 2 and 3/4″

Les Navires À Voiles À Travers Les Âges – Sailing Ships Through The Ages

This was one of a ship series for (and perhaps by) the Liebig’s Extract of Meat Company. Glorious colors in this one. The back is talking about Antoine Flettner having invented a more efficient way of propelling ships, using rotating metal cylinders.

Regarding the date for this trade card – we’re going with the circa 1927 date, as that year is showing up on at least two other websites for the same card, and of course, we know it would have to be after Flettner’s invention, stated on the reverse as 1924/25.

Sources:  Liebig’s Extract of Meat Company. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig%27s_Extract_of_Meat_Company (accessed October 10, 2024).

Anton Flettner, German Inventor. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-Flettner (accessed October 10, 2024).

Tags: , , ,
Categories: Boats and Ships, Trade Cards and Advertising

Passing Bell Buoy, Boston Harbor

Posted on September 24th, 2024 by

Trade card. Copyright, Bufford, Boston, Massachusetts. Circa 1890s.

Price:  $4.00

Nellie Lee’s Card

An illustration of a paddle wheel steamer passing a bell buoy in Boston Harbor:  This trade card was never printed with any particular company information. It’s just a sample card that had come into the possession, as we see from the reverse, of young Nellie Lee.

On the subject of buoys, there were a number of different types:  gas, whistling, can, nun, ice, spar and bell – this is info from a 4-column spread in The Boston Globe in 1889. The article’s author, John Collier, had gone out on Verbena, one of the steamers used for buoy supply and inspection, and had interviewed her captain, Charles I. Gibbs. Here are just a few excerpts, if you have time:

Buoys are like boys….

Below, Captain Gibbs, explaining some of the different buoys, the maintenance and some of the problems encountered:

Illustrations of an old bell buoy and an automatic whistler:

Sources:  Collier, John. “On the Verbena…Buoys and Beacons Visited by a Reporter….” The Boston Globe, June 9, 1889. Sunday, p. 17. (Newspapers.com).

Fog bell. n.d. wikipedia.org. (accessed September 22, 2024.)

Tags: , ,
Categories: Bufford, Lithograph Companies, Trade Cards and Advertising

S.S. Vesterlide, 1917

Posted on September 6th, 2024 by

Old photo, white border. Circa March, 1917, Portland, Oregon.

Price:  $100.00           Size:  5 and 1/2 x 3 and 3/16″ 

A short-lived career….

This is a rare photo of the S.S. Vesterlide. At the time of this post, we’re not finding any others online. And, as it turned out, there was a very small window of time for photo ops, though, to be fair, her construction was pretty high-profile, so we wonder if more photos might have survived. Launched March 31, 1917, Vesterlide’s name was changed to War Baron shortly afterward. Then on May 1st, 1918, War Baron was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine.

Many articles appear in newspaper accounts, along with photos. We’ll let them tell most of the story…..

The ship’s name, Vesterlide, translates as Westerner in Norwegian. Originally commissioned by a Norwegian firm, she was the first steel steamer to be built in Portland, Oregon – a momentous event for the city’s steel industry, and a source of pride for Portland. Throngs were on hand. Mayor Albee had declared it a “half-holiday,” people were up on rooftops and boys had climbed telephone poles. The launching took place at the Northwest Steel Company’s yards, and the spectators yelled their appreciation as the ship was sent gracefully into the Willamette River.

Below, March 31, 1917, Miss Marian Virginia Bowles, daughter of J. R. Bowles, president of Northwest Steel Co., gets ready to break the champagne bottle over Vesterling’s prow:

A photo montage from The Sunday Oregonian:

Looking down the ship launch path. Vesterlide entering the water:

But shockingly, a couple of the hawsers, the thick ropes helping to keep the 8,800 ton ship in check, failed – and Vesterlide was sent diagonally across the river, striking the sternwheeler, Ruth, in her mid-section. The collision:

More details…..From The Sunday Oregonian:

Surprisingly, the riverboat Ruth was raised and able to be completely restored. An official investigation found her officers not at fault. 

Vesterlide renamed War Baron – Spring of 1917

SS War Baron 

The exact date of rechristening, from Vesterlide to War Baron, is unclear. An article in The Oregonian, dated April 10th, mentions the new name, and by another report, in the same paper, dated May 12th, the steamer was getting her finishing work completed at the Willamette Iron & Steel Works.

Below, a nice photo with text that appeared in The Sunday Oregonian, July 8, 1917:

A good showing…..and what seems like a foretelling of fate:

War Baron was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U55 on May 1, 1918; Atlantic Ocean, eight miles northeast from Godrevy Lighthouse, St. Ives Bay, Cornwall, UK. Two lives were lost.

Sources:  “Steel Ship To Dip.” The Morning Oregonian. March 28, 1917. Wednesday, p. 18. (Newspapers.com).

“First Steel Craft Built In Portland Yards Is Launched.” The Oregon Daily Journal. April 1, 1917. Sunday, p. 12. (Newspapers.com).

“Big Cunarder Is Launched In City.” The Sunday Oregonian. April 1, 1917. Sunday, p. 16. (Newspapers.com).

“Lines Fail to Check Big Vessel; Steamer Ruth Sinks Quickly.” The Oregon Daily Journal. March 31, 1917. Saturday, p. 1. (Newspapers.com).

“Versterlide Sinks Ruth; 3 Injured.” The Sunday Oregonian. April 1, 1917. Sunday, p. 40. (Newspapers.com).

“First Steel Craft Is Launched. Vesterlide Hits River Boat.” The Oregon Daily Journal. April 1, 1917. Sunday, p. 1. (Newspapers.com).

“Raising Of Sunken Steamer Ruth Will Be Started At Once.”  The Oregon Daily Journal. April 2, 1917. Monday, p. 12. (Newspapers.com).

“War Baron Is Title.” The Oregonian. April 10, 1917. Tuesday, p. 16. (Newspapers.com).

“Cunard Crew Here.” The Oregonian. May 12, 1917. Saturday, p. 16. (Newspapers.com).

“British Steamer War Baron.” The Sunday Oregonian. July 8, 1917. Sunday, p. 24. (Newspapers.com).

“Cunarder Exceeds Rating At Trial.” The Tacoma Daily Ledger. July 17, 1917. Tuesday, p. 6. (Newspapers.com).

“Torpedoing of War Baron Is Told In Letter.” The Oregon Daily Journal. April 2, 1917. Monday, p. 12. (Newspapers.com).

SS War Baron. n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_War_Baron (accessed August 19, 2024).

Tennent, A. J. British Merchant Ships Sunk by U-Boats in World War I. (1990) Periscope Publishing, Ltd. Google.com books.

Tags: , , , , , ,
Categories: Boats and Ships, Old Photos