Genealogy Services, Old Photos, Postcards, Trade Cards, Etc.

Kate Juniata Bortell Cabinet Card

Cabinet Card. Photographer:  Kester, Grinnell, Iowa. Circa 1890.

Price:  $15.00          Size:  4 ¼ x 6 ½”

A beautiful young woman in semi-profile with hair pulled back and curled bangs. She wears a high-necked collar that flares out in ruffles, and a pin in Maltese cross-style. We’ll estimate that she was perhaps twenty at the time she posed for this photo. The reverse shows:

Kate Juniata Bortell. Married Walter J. Neely.  Children: Ruth – Mrs. Rainier; Mabel – Dick Raver; and Bob – ?

Juniata was a river in Penn. near where Father & Mother lived so Kate received the name.

This is lovely – the fact that we have the story behind Kate’s middle name. It’s the kind of thing that can be lost for future generations unless someone’s written it down, as the family member did on the reverse of the card. (A detailed person, and we thank them for that.) And details like these are so important in genealogy – in this case it gives us an approximate location (if not found elsewhere) for the parents at the time of Kate’s birth, as well as the correct spelling of the name.

Kate was born November 2, 1871 in Grinnell, Iowa, the daughter of William Bortell and Susan Noon. She married Walter Jerome Neely February 5, 1896, in Grinnell. They had three children, Ruth, Mabel and Robert.

Ruth Neely married Earl DeWitt Rainier. Mabel Naomi Neely married Duane Forrest Raver. Robert Walter Neely was twice married, first to Janet Eleanor Alarik, and then to Donna Jean Ware.

Kate (Bortell) Neely died August 20, 1941, in Grinnell, Iowa.

The photographer is John W. Kester; we’ll put up a post for him shortly.

Sources:  State Historical Society of Iowa; Des Moines, IA, USA; Iowa Death Records, 1921-1940. (Ancestry.com).

Iowa Department of Public Health; Des Moines, Iowa; Iowa Marriage Records, 1880–1922; Record Type: Marriage. (Ancestry.com).

Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/88967782/katherine_janietta-neely: accessed May 17, 2025), memorial page for Katherine Janietta “Kate” Bortell Neely (2 Nov 1871–20 Aug 1941), Find a Grave Memorial ID 88967782, citing Hazelwood Cemetery, Grinnell, Poweshiek County, Iowa, USA; Maintained by: Find a Grave.

Frank J. Walsh, Photographer

Trenton, New Jersey photographer, Francis Joseph “Frank” Walsh (1845 – 1919)

Christine Ness, Peter Clancy’s Favorite Teacher

Another Teacher of Peter Clancy

If you’re looking for photos online by F. J. Walsh, you’ll find mostly miniatures, such as the ones on display in our two prior posts. Why would that be? A newspaper article, circa 1922, reveals the answer. From this we learn that Walsh had developed a process of taking a cabinet-size photo and from it, producing fifteen miniatures onto one plate; selling a dozen for only 25 cents. (Was that a typo and supposed to read made twelve/sold twelve or made fifteen/sold fifteen? Anyway, we get the idea.) These mini photos became extremely popular, especially within schools (students and teachers exchanging photos) and Walsh ended up doing so well with it that he was filling orders as far away as Australia and Japan.

Here are the clippings from the 1922 article. They were found, unsourced, on an Ancestry.com tree. At the time of this post, I’m not finding the article at Newspapers.com or the info potentially duplicated via Google books. (If it were a pressing issue, I’d try Genealogybank.com – another good source for historical newspapers. Unfortunately, I don’t have a subscription for Gene-bank at the moment.) From the layout it looks like these were clippings that a descendant had saved to a scrapbook, which explains the lack of source info. The bottom of the longer part was evidently cut off. )

Before finding the above, I’d slogged through city directories to get a general time-line for Walsh in NJ, so I’ll include the directory findings below. And the article mentions that the photographer was in New York prior to moving to NJ. No directories were found in New York but the 1870 Federal Census for Brooklyn does show him as “photographist,” age twenty-two, living in the household of Kate Campbell (his mother) and Ellen and William Walsh (siblings).

Business addresses – Trenton, NJ city directories:

1886 – 1887    31 Centre and 353 Perry

1888 – 31 and 33 Centre and 353 Perry

1889 – 33 Centre and 353 Perry

1890 – 120 Perry

1893 – 1894    353 Perry

1896 – 1897    353 Perry

1899 – 1900   120 Perry

1903 – 1904    120 Perry

1905 – 148 E State and 120 Perry

1908 – 1909   shows home address only, 54 Model Ave

Note:  I’m not really looking into the Walsh family tree on this post – i.e. looking for marriages, verifying children, etc. To do the family justice it would take too much time. Including the census record info below, more from the photographer standpoint for Frank.

Census records:

The 1860 Federal Census for Brooklyn, NY shows Francis, with Alexander Campbell (stepfather); mother, Kate; and siblings, Edward, Mary and William.

The 1870 Federal Census for Brooklyn – first mention found for Frank as a photographer

The 1880 was not found.

The 1900 Federal Census for Trenton shows, Frank J., born Ireland, October 1844; occupation photographer; wife Margaret; and children Helen, William, Francis, Theodosia (census taker wrote daughter, but also indicated male, so should be Theodore) and Josephine. Address 54 Model Avenue, renting. Also in the household are a maid, groom and servant.

1905 New Jersey State Census shows Frank, born October 1848. Occupation photographer. Wife Margaret. Address 54 Model Avenue; they owned the home outright. Children:  Helen, William, Francis, Theodore and Josephine.

By the 1910 Federal Census he’s retired. Wife Margaret; children, Helen, Francis, Theodore and Josephine; brother-in-law, William O’Malley; servant Agnes Schwartz; and “mother” Ann O’Mally (Margaret’s mother). This census states Frank emigrated to the U. S. in 1852.

The Trenton Evening Times obituary for Francis J. Walsh:

Frank J. Walsh’s Find A Grave entry.

Sources:  “Francis Joseph Henery Walsh.” Hutchison/Cahill tree. (ancestry.com.) Accessed May 1, 2025.

The National Archives in Washington D.C.; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M653; Residence Date: 1860; Home in 1860: Brooklyn Ward 6 District 3, Kings, New York; Roll: M653_766; Page: 887; Family History Library Film: 803766.

Year: 1870; Census Place: Brooklyn Ward 10, Kings, New York; Roll: M593_951; Page: 569A. (Ancestry.com).

Ancestry.com. U.S., City Directories, 1822-1995.

Year: 1900; Census Place: Trenton Ward 1, Mercer, New Jersey; Roll: 982; Page: 15; Enumeration District: 0058. (Ancestry.com).

New Jersey State Archive; Trenton, NJ, USA; State Census of New Jersey, 1905; Reference Number: L-06; Film Number: 28. (Ancestry.com).

Year: 1910; Census Place: Trenton Ward 1, Mercer, New Jersey; Roll: T624_896; Page: 14a; Enumeration District: 0048; FHL microfilm: 1374909. (Ancestry.com).

“Walsh Funeral To Be On Wednesday.” Trenton Evening Times, July 26, 1919. Saturday, p. 5. (Newspapers.com).

Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69956912/frank_j-walsh: accessed April 18, 2025), memorial page for Frank J. Walsh (1845–Jul 1919), Find a Grave Memorial ID 69956912, citing Saint Mary’s Cemetery, Hamilton, Mercer County, New Jersey, USA; Maintained by: Find a Grave.

Another Teacher of Peter Clancy

Miniature Round Photo on rectangle matting, 1899. Photographer:  F. J. Walsh, Trenton, New Jersey.

Price:  $5.00           Size:  1 ½ x 2 ¼”

We’ll put up more from the Clancy Family of Minnesota shortly. (And, see the prior post:  Peter Clancy’s Favorite Teacher.)

A pretty young woman, and it almost looks like the photo’s been damaged somehow – that dark portion running across the bottom. But click twice to enlarge and you’ll see it’s just an illusion stemming from the dress style. I’ve never come across this particular type, though I’m no historical fashion expert. And, pretty rewarding – doing a “lens” search on Google actually does bring up a couple of similar styles of high-necked lace set off by dark, turned-down fabric. In ours it’s turned-down triangles at the bodice, and for the fabric over the shoulders.

Photographer, F. J. Walsh, was Francis “Frank” J. Walsh, born in Ireland. Here’s more about him in our subsequent post. His Trenton, New Jersey street address differs from the prior photo. This one shows:  “No. 353 Perry Street.”

Christine Ness, Peter Clancy’s Favorite Teacher

Miniature Photo, oval on rectangle matting. 1902. Photographer:  F. J. Walsh, Trenton, New Jersey.

Price:  $10.00         Size:  1 ½ x 2 ¼”

A beautiful young woman – she is said to be Christine Ness, and described as, “Peter Clancy’s favorite teacher.” On the reverse, is also written, “Rock Creek, 1901.”  Okay, so whoever wrote that didn’t notice the 1902 date on the front. Rock Creek is not showing up on a New Jersey map, and since this mini photo is from a small collection we found for the Clancy Family of Minnesota (more later on them) they’re likely referring to Rock Creek, Minnesota. There is a photo of a Christina Ness (teacher) in MN, on an Ancestry family tree, though I’m not completely convinced that photo and ours are the same person. It’s possible that whoever wrote on the back of ours was incorrect. (I’ll reach out to that tree owner.)

The photographer, F. J. Walsh, was Francis “Frank” J. Walsh, born in Ireland. His studio address shows:  “No. 120 Perry Street, Trenton, N. J.”  

But why would a Minnesota teacher have a photo taken in New Jersey? Likely her photo was sent, along with her students’ photos, to be turned into miniatures. See our post on Frank J. Walsh, Photographer for more.

A Main Street Somewhere Circa 1920s

Real Photo Postcard, unused. Publisher unknown. Circa 1920s.

Price:  $4.00

This one may be interesting to anyone looking for old photos of cars made by the Oakland Motor Car Company, though we’re looking at it from a distance, so it’s definitely blurred. Said to be a 1920 or ’21 Oakland, according to the answer to my query on Antique Automobile Club of America’s forum. Here’s the insert:

The postcard scene itself – this is one of those – you can’t tell till you get it home and scan it, whether you’ll be able to read the signage (for clues to location). This falls into the category of tantalizingly close – not quite able to read. (I’m looking at the vertical drug store sign or theater sign in the distance, on the left-hand side of the street.) And is that a mountain we see in the hazy distance? Really hard to tell. Darkening the image doesn’t help. Lot of activity on this street – a downtown scene somewhere, for sure.

Source:  Oakland Motor Car Company. n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Motor_Car_Company (accessed April 16, 2025).

Postcard For Fred Rothert of Elmore, Ohio

Divided Back postcard. Postmarked June 26, 1930 from Port Byron, New York. Publisher:  Geo. V. Millar Co., Scranton, PA. Series or number 1814. 

Price:  $4.00

Watkins, New York and Seneca Lake

Addressed to:  “Fred Rothert, R. D., Elmore, O.”  The R. D., of course, stands for Rural Delivery, and the “O” was the standard abbreviation for Ohio.

Frederick Rothert, the son of Henry Rothert and Elizabeth Steinkamp was born in Clay Township, Ottawa County, Ohio on August 29, 1876. He married Katie M. Croll on November 28, 1901 in Clay Township. His WWI Draft Registration Card shows the address on the postcard, and that he was a self-employed farmer. There is no shortage of records appearing online for him and his family, so we’ll stop there on that part.

The sender, who’s initials appear to be KWS, wrote:

“6/25/30. Were at the ‘Glen’ yesterday. Will meet my parents in Syracuse Saturday and head for Quebec.  KWS.”

The “glen” is the spectacular gorge (with waterfall) which runs through the town of Watkins, which was renamed Watkins Glen in 1926. I had found one account online which indicated the town was first named Jefferson and another account stating it was first named Salubria. Which was it? According to a 1917 account from the State of New York:

“Dr. Watkins was the son of John Watkins, an owner of extensive lands on Jochem Pieter’s Hills before the Revolution. (Riker 819.) He is a particularly interesting figure to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, because the village of Watkins at the head of Seneca lake, and Watkins Glen (which latter was made a State Reservation at the instance of this Society) are named after him. The village of Watkins was first known as the Dr. Flint Purchase. Dr. Flint sold it to John W. Watkins, brother of Dr. Samuel Watkins, but about 1820 John W. became financially embarrassed and in 1828 Samuel went there from New York to help him. Samuel laid out the village and named it Salubria, but it was incorporated April 11, 1842 under the name Jefferson. Hence the references to Dr. Watkins as being ‘of Jefferson.’ He died in April, 1851, and in 1852 the village was named Watkins in his honor.”

Below, the reason I bought the postcard – the very charming publisher’s logo:

Note the two figures that appear to be making their way toward the bridge. Did you do a double-take? I think the one is supposed to be a cow, though, to me, he looks more like a mythical beast that walks upright. (We’ve entered a nice fantasy world. 😉 )

Sources:  Ancestry.com. Ohio, U.S., Births and Christenings Index, 1774-1973.

Ancestry.com. Ohio, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1774-1993.

Registration State: Ohio; Registration County: Ottawa County. (Ancestry.com).

Twenty-second Annual Report of the Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, No. 51. May 3, 1917. Page 760. (books.google.com).

Miss Sophie Nebinger

Divided Back, Real Photo Postcard. VELOX stamp box. Circa 1907 – 1914.

Price:  $15.00

The beautiful, Sophie, hand on hip – in a white, high-neck lace blouse, dark skirt, a long beaded necklace of some sort and with her dark hair pinned up. Since no other matches were found, she is very likely the same person as noted in the following records:

From the passenger list dated March 7, 1907, sailing on board the steamer, Neiuw Amsterdam, from Rotterdam to New York, she was born in Balbronn, Germany (now a part of France), about 1885 and her last known residence was Alzey, Germany. Single, described as about 5’1″, brown hair, brown eyes, she had paid her own passage and was going to stay with an uncle in New York City.

Sophia married Fred Muessig on March 21, 1914 in Richmond, New York, though their marriage license, dated a few days prior, was recorded in Manhattan. They had a son, George F. Mussig (the “e” was dropped in the surname) born in New Jersey, 1918. The 1920 Federal Census shows the family living in Newark, New Jersey, with Fred working as a silversmith.

Sophie and Fred’s headstone photo appears on Findagrave. 

Sources:  The National Archives in Washington, DC; Washington, DC, USA; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1897-1957; Microfilm Serial or NAID: T715; RG Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004; RG: 85.

Ancestry.com. New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Marriage Index, 1866-1937.

New York City Municipal Archives; New York, New York; Borough: Manhattan. (Ancestry.com).

SS Nieuw Amsterdam (1905). n.d.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Nieuw_Amsterdam_(1905). Accessed April 3, 2025.

Year: 1920; Census Place: Newark Ward 13, Essex, New Jersey; Roll: T625_1037; Page: 17A; Enumeration District: 248. (Ancestry.com).

Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/211875991/sophie-mussig: accessed April 3, 2025), memorial page for Sophie Mussig (1884–1972), Find a Grave Memorial ID 211875991, citing Hollywood Cemetery, Union, Union County, New Jersey, USA; Maintained by NotYourTime (contributor 47318863).

James Pyle’s Pearline Trade Card

 

Trade card, New York. Circa 1880s – 1890s.

Price:  $7.00          Size:  3 x 5 and 1/8″

Trade card for the washing powder, Pearline (James Pyle’s Pearline, later James Pyle & Sons).

Note:  I’ve said this kind of thing before, but for successful companies, it’s not possible to do total justice in a fairly short blog post. Once you start researching, you keep finding more and more, leading to more questions you’d like to get a pinpoint answer to. It becomes very time-consuming, and you have to cut yourself off at some point. Other bloggers crop up, too, who’ve put up great stuff on the subject. On this one, I went looking, last minute, for potential company records. Didn’t find those but did find a Pyle family descendant who did an excellent post. Lot of info there. But I’ll slog on and finish my humble offering here – kind of bits and pieces….

This one was supposed to go up the day after Halloween and here it is nearly April. (Ee gads!) Lots going on, including the addition of our beautiful new kitty and pup. (RV life with young animals – wild, wild.) I also changed the look of the website (just needed a change). In any case, getting back to it…..

Intelligent Housekeepers

A court jester, well away from “court,” stands out in the rain with parasol and sandwich board to advertise James Pyle’s Pearline – a soap powder for laundry, kitchen use and just about anything else – from the cleaning of oil paintings to commercial use in dairies to bathing in fresh or salt water. (Salt water bathing – a definite testament to a bygone era.) The company became hugely successful, with the soap product becoming a household name.

Early years

Founder, James Pyle, (1823 – 1900) was born in Manchester, Nova Scotia, Canada, coming to New York in the 1840s. On the 1860 Federal Census, he had given his occupation as “salaeratus manufacturer,” (sodium bicarbonate). An obituary for him states he first starting making a liquid cleaner, then “sodas and soaps.” By 1861, we see newspaper ads appearing for “Pyle’s O. K. Soap,” an earlier offering that, according to author, Allan Metcalf (OK – The Improbable Story of America’s Greatest Word) was later sold to Procter & Gamble. (I didn’t find whether there was any overlap of the two products being manufactured at the same time, by Pyle, or if the one just replaced the other.) Sons, James Tolman Pyle and William Scott Pyle came into the business with him when they became old enough. The 1880 Federal Census shows father and sons as soap manufacturers. Another son, Charles, had died before the 1880 census was taken.

A March 1877 ad for both Pyle’s O. K. Soap and Pyle’s O. K. Saleratus:

Pearline trademark from an 1885 ad – the “O.K.” references the company’s origins:

Pyle’s New York Times obit reported that he was the first to use the term, “o.k.” in advertising, and helped popularize it.

The Power of Advertising

Multiple obits for James Pyle state that he was a friend of Horace Greeley, the founder and editor of the New York Tribune, and that it was Greeley’s generous (quite canny, really) offer, along with, of course, the apparent results, that got Pyle on the road to becoming one of the biggest advertisers in the U. S. In 1904, their ad budget was reported at $500,000. (Greeley’s influence is also recounted in the notice of sale to P&G in 1914.)

1878 – an early Pearline ad 

The exact year for the start of the manufacture of Pearline was not located but in October of 1878 there was this ad for “Something New.” (The Patriot-News, Harrisburg, PA, October 11, 1878):

Below, two examples from 1888 that appeared in the magazine, Wide Awake:

Not being limited to paper and ink….

A Google search result for images of old Pearline ads on buildings:

We’d rather be called chumps and idiots….

In 1897, son, James T. Pyle gives his views to the publication, Printer’s Ink, on not wanting to give away all the company’s hard-earned strategies. The title of this article is one you have to try to think through:

Death of founder, James Pyle, 1900, reprinted from the New York News, in the ad journal Printer’s Ink:

Death of William S. Pyle, 1906. His obit and photo appear in the publication, Profitable Advertising’s March edition.

James T. Pyle’s obituary, 1912, from The Morris County Chronicle:

What happened to Pearline?

Cautionary tales (don’t stop advertising!) reported in newspaper articles (some years later), blame either the owner or the trustees for stopping their ads – the idea was that Pearline was already a household name, and they didn’t need to keep spending all that money. Most reports state advertising was stopped in 1907. Was there more to the story? Likely. (It’s never simplistic.) There was a stock market crash in October of that year, which must have definitely had an effect. And really, I can’t imagine James T. Pyle dropping the strategy that had worked so well all of those years, without good cause. Then too, perhaps it was only meant to be a temporary measure. Below, possibly part of the puzzle, a clip from The Morning Call, January 1907 – when the company had taken out a loan on their new New Jersey plant:

October 1, 1914 – Procter & Gamble Buys Pearline

Sources:  Handler, E. (2011, July 4). “Occupations of my ancestors – James Pyle & Sons.” From Maine to Kentucky. (accessed March 28, 2025).

Gutek, Gerald & Patricia. America’s Early Montessorians:  Anne George, Margaret Naumburg, Helen Parkhurst and Adelia Pyle. Palgrave MacMillan, 2020.

The National Archives in Washington D.C.; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M653; Residence Date: 1860; Home in 1860: New York Ward 5 District 1, New York, New York; Roll: M653_790; Page: 385; Family History Library Film: 803790.

Metcalf, Allan. (2011). OK:  The Improbable Story of America’s Greatest Word. Oxford University Press. (books.google.com).

Year: 1880; Census Place: New York City, New York, New York; Roll: 884; Page: 234b; Enumeration District: 353.

“Pyle’s O. K. Soap – the Champion.” The Morning Democrat (Davenport, Iowa), March 10, 1877. Saturday, p. 3. (Newspapers.com).

“Death of James Pyle.” The New York Times, January 21, 1900. Sunday, p. 3. (Newspapers.com).

Pearline trademark. The Montreal Star, January 9, 1885. Friday, p. 1. (Newspapers.com).

Horace Greeley. n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Greeley (March 18, 2025).

“Something New.” The Patriot-News (Harrisburg, PA). October 11, 1878. Friday, p. 4. (Newspapers.com).

Wide Awake, Vol. AA. D. Lothrop Company, Boston. 1888. (books.google.com).

“images of old pearline ads on buildings.” Google.com search, March 18, 2025.

“Not Ambitous To Be Thought Wise.” Printers’ Ink, Vol. XXI. October 6, 1897 – December 29, 1897. George P. Rowell & Co., Publishers. (books.google.com).

Death of founder, James Pyle. Printers’ Ink, Vol. XXX. January 31, 1900, p. 18. (books.google.com).

“Obituaries – William Scott Pyle.” Profitable Advertising, Vol. XV, No. 10.. March 1906. (books.google.com).

“Obituary. James T. Pyle.” The Morris County Chronicle (Morristown, New Jersey), February 13, 1912. Tuesday, p. 1. (Newspapers.com).

“Pyles’ Big Mortgage.” The Morning Call (Paterson, New Jersey). January 24, 1907. Thursday, p. 5. (Newspapers.com).

Sale of Pearline. The American Perfumer and Essential Oil Review, Vol. IX, no. 8. October 1914. New York. p. 221. (books.google.com).

“Pyle’s Pearline Changes Hands.” The Retail Grocers Advocate, Vol. 19. July 3, 1914. San Francisco, California. (books.google.com).

La Pilule Clérambourg

French postcard, unused. Photographer? Carré. Publisher:  E.L.D. Series or number:  4274. Circa 1910s – 1920s.

Price:  $50.00

The first of two “Halloween-ish” offerings…..

This one is a French postcard that someone used as a trade card to advertise La Pilule Clérembourg (Véritable Grain de Vie), a product, in pill form, touted to help digestion, purify the blood, strengthen one’s overall countenance and increase the appetite. An ad back in 1859 indicates they’d been known, at that point, for over a century. The company also produced a cough syrup:

Our postcard front:  shows a person in a woman’s dress, stockings and shoes, wearing an over-sized papier mâché head – that of an older man with a mustache. I’m not sure whether there may be a specific French term that applies here, but this type of figure is similar to the Spanish Cabezudos.

Publisher logo for E. L. D. 

Ernest le Deley (1859 – 1917) 

From fr.wikipedia.org and translated via DeepL.com (free version):

Ernest Le Deley, born on July 12, 1859 in Mont-Saint-Aignan and died on August 6, 1917 in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, was one of the leading French postcard publishers and printers of the Belle Époque.

Ernest Le Deley was a phototypesetter living at 8 rue Berthollet, Paris, in 1886. He married Joséphine Petit on October 15, 1898 in Bugnicourt, while working as a printer-photographer in Châteaudun. A publisher of national renown, around 1900 he had a phototype printing shop at no. 73 rue Claude-Bernard in Paris, and a sales outlet at no. 127 boulevard de Sébastopol, at the corner of rue de Tracy. From 1906, he went into partnership with Achille Siron, a publisher in Barbizon. In 1911-1912, he opened a branch in Rouen, at no. 62 rue Saint-Nicolas. On December 20, 1913, a fire destroyed his postcard publishing plant at 11-13 rue des Arquebusiers in Paris.

He died at his home, no. 41 rue Censier in Paris, and was buried in the Parisian cemetery at Ivry-sur-Seine.

His son Maurice-Ernest, who succeeded him, went bankrupt in 1922.

Sources:  Didot-Bottin’s Annuaire-Almanach du Commerce de l’Industrie. January 1859 (google.com/books).

Processional giant. n.d. en.wikipedia.org (accessed October 30, 2024).

Ernest le Deley. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Le_Deley (accessed October 30, 2024).

Extrait de Viande de la Cie Liebig Trade Card

Trade card in french, circa 1927.

Price:  $5.00             Size:  About 4 and 1/4 x 2 and 3/4″

Les Navires À Voiles À Travers Les Âges – Sailing Ships Through The Ages

This was one of a ship series for (and perhaps by) the Liebig’s Extract of Meat Company. Glorious colors in this one. The back is talking about Antoine Flettner having invented a more efficient way of propelling ships, using rotating metal cylinders.

Regarding the date for this trade card – we’re going with the circa 1927 date, as that year is showing up on at least two other websites for the same card, and of course, we know it would have to be after Flettner’s invention, stated on the reverse as 1924/25.

Sources:  Liebig’s Extract of Meat Company. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig%27s_Extract_of_Meat_Company (accessed October 10, 2024).

Anton Flettner, German Inventor. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-Flettner (accessed October 10, 2024).